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Monday, September 30, 2013

Operators in C programming

7:25 AM


In  C programming language there are many operators to do mathematical or logical jobs .They are
Arithmetic Operators , Relational Operators , Logical Operators , Bitwise Operators , Assignment Operators , Misc Operator.
Arithmetic Operators
Suppose we have two variables A & B
Operator
Description
Example
+
Adds two operands
          A + B will give 30
-
Subtracts second operand from the first
          A - B will give -10
*
Multiply both operands
          A * B will give 200
/
Divide numerator by de-numerator
          B / A will give 2
%
Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division
          B % A will give 0
++
Increment operator increases integer value by one
          A++ will give 11
--
Decrement operator decreases integer value by one
          A-- will give 9

Relational Operators

Operator
Description
Example
==
Checks if the value of two operands is equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A == B) is not true.
!=
Checks if the value of two operands is equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.
(A != B) is true.
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A > B) is not true.
Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A < B) is true.
>=
Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A >= B) is not true.
<=
Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
(A <= B) is true.

Logical Operators

Operator
Description
Example
&&
Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non zero then condition becomes true.
(A && B) is false.
||
Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non zero then condition becomes true.
(A || B) is true.
!
Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false.
!(A && B) is true.

 

Bitwise Operators

p
q
p & q
p | q
p ^ q
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
Assume if A = 60; and B = 13; Now in binary format they will be as follows:
A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------
A&B = 0000 1100
A|B = 0011 1101
A^B = 0011 0001
~A  = 1100 0011
Operator
Description
Example
&
Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
(A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100
|
Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
(A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101
^
Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
(A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001
~
Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.
(~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form.
<< 
Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000
>> 
Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
A >> 2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111

Assignment Operators

Operator
Description
Example
=
Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand
C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C
+=
Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand
C += A is equivalent to C = C + A
-=
Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand
C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A
*=
Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand
C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A
/=
Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand
C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A
%=
Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand
C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A
<<=
Left shift AND assignment operator
C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2
>>=
Right shift AND assignment operator
C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2
&=
Bitwise AND assignment operator
C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2
^=
bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator
C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2
|=
bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator
C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2

 

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